Three Most Used Wireless Communication Protocols for IoT

In this article, we will explore various wireless technologies used in IoT applications. We will analyze the capabilities of 3G, which utilizes cellular lines to transmit data, as well as SigFox, which offers increasing coverage. Additionally, we will discuss the benefits of Wireless M-Bus for applications requiring a dedicated network infrastructure or coverage in hidden areas such as tunnels.

2G/3G

Standard: GSM/GPRS/EDGE(2G), UMTS/HSPA(3G), LTE(4G)
Frequencies: 900/1800/1900/2100MHz
Range: 35Km max for GMS, 200Km max for HSPA (Depending on ISP)
Data Rates (typical download): 35-170kps(GPRS), 120-384kbps (EDGE),384kbps-2Mbps(UMTS), 600kbps-10Mbps(HSPA), 3-10Mbps (LTE)
Power Consumption: 580mA during transmission (depends signal quality)

For IoT applications that require long-distance data transmission, GSM/2G/3G can be a suitable choice. The cellular lines offer a substantial bandwidth. However, it is important to consider the high subscription costs and power requirements associated with these technologies. NI2400 and NI400 devices transmit a low amount of data, typically sensor readings, but the necessary bandwidth is generally low. Therefore, these technologies can provide efficient and effective wireless solutions for IoT monitoring systems, emphasizing low power consumption.

By understanding the capabilities and features of wireless IoT technologies, businesses, and organizations can make informed decisions when implementing smart IoT applications. These technologies offer viable solutions for various monitoring systems, enabling the seamless integration of IoT technologies into existing infrastructures.

SigFox

Frequencies: 868MHzISM Frequency
Range: Long Range (30-50Km (rural environments), 3-10Km (urban/noisy environments))
Data Rates: 10-1000bps
Ultra Narrow Band: few seconds transmission for a maximum of 140 times per day (12bytes payload)
Devices’ frequency stability
Low Band Pass: 100bit/sec (perfect for IoT short messages)
Sigfox receiver: UNB Technology with Cognitive SDR – 140dBm (5-20Km range) and handles 3000000 devices.
Power Consumption: 61mA during transmission

SigFox is positioning itself as a bridge between Wi-Fi and cellular networks. It caters to applications that only require small data transfers, like NI400 datalogger, and need to operate on battery power for extended periods. Using the license-free ISM band, SigFox envisions a network where many machine-to-machine applications can operate on a small battery and transmit minimal data. This technology is expanding rapidly, already reaching 24 countries including France, Spain, Portugal, the UK, and the US.

M-Bus – Wireless

Frequencies: 169/868/915MHz
One/Two Way Narrowband VHF
NRZ-encoded
Optimized for narrowband and long range (5Km in line of sight)
Star architecture
Power Consumption: 485mA during transmission

The 169MHz WM-Bus is a wireless version of the M-Bus standard specifically designed for remote readings of gas and electricity meters. It has become a European standard (EN13757) and was primarily developed for utility meter readings, such as monitoring household electricity consumption.

M-Bus is also commonly used in alarm systems, smart illumination systems and other application which require low power consumption and sturdy communication protocol.